ODAC News

 

Monday 24 Sept

 

The Oil Depletion Analysis Centre

 

 

Food – Australian Wheat Crop 2007

1/   Australia cuts wheat forecast by a third          (Financial Times, Wed 19 Sep)

 

Natural Gas - China

2/   China 2020 natural gas consumption seen at 9 pct of energy total – CNOOC     (CNN Money, Thu 20 Sep)

 

Food Security

3a/  Counting the cost of wheat price hike            (BBC News, Fri 21 Sep)

3b/  Costs may lead EU to beef up ‘food security’ (Financial Times, Tue 18 Sep)

 

ASPO-6 Summary

4/   Two barrels of oil are used for each one found. $100 oil anyone?           (Globe and Mail [Canada], Fri 21 Sep)

 

Economy – Subprime Crisis/Credit Crunch

5a/  Banking crisis: Don't blame the central banks            (Sunday Telegraph, Sun 23 Sep)

5b/  Economic Outlook: Housing waits to assess damage to confidence     (Financial Times, Sun 23 Sep)

5c/  Growth only as safe as houses         (Financial Times, Sun 23 Sep)

5d/  US expert warns of fresh shocks       (Financial Times, Wed 19 Sep)

 

Nuclear Power

6/   Who Will Foot the Nuclear Power Bill?           (Reuters, Mon 10 Sep)

 

Natural Gas – the Nabucco Pipeline

7/   Azerbaijan Plays Down OMV Hopes for Potential Nabucco Gas           (Energy Intelligence [International Oil Daily], Mon 24 Sep)

 

 

**********************************************************************************************************

 

1/         Australia cuts wheat forecast by a third          (Financial Times, Wed 19 Sep)

 

http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d5e5f8a2-65a1-11dc-bf89-0000779fd2ac.html

 

Comment:    From the article: << Australian farmers warned that the revised forecast was optimistic. John Ridley, chairman of the New South Wales Farmers' Association grains committee, said the wheat crop would not reach the official forecast. "We won't get anywhere near a bull's roar of that [15.5m tonnes]," Mr Ridley said. "The maximum we will get is 5m and, if it doesn't rain soon, it will be less than that.">>

 

Article:    Australia’s government on Tuesday slashed its forecast for this year's wheat production by almost a third as the country's drought-stricken farmers faced another year of ruined crops.

 

The revision from 22.5m tonnes in June to 15.5m tonnes pushed up wheat prices as the Australian crop was seen as critical to the balance of the market following damage to European and Canadian crops caused by bad weather.

 

... Sorin Vaslobal, a grains trader at Paris-based cereals merchant Plantureux, said Australia's revised estimate would force "wheat global stocks to be further drawn down". The stocks are already at their lowest point since 1979, according to the International Grain Council, an intergovernmental body.

 

The loss of so much Australian wheat meant prices would need to rise to ration demand - in particular a switch to corn and soyameal for livestock feeding - and to encourage more planting in the northern hemisphere, traders said.

 

The Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Research Economics (Abare) warned that its grain forecasts were vulnerable to further downgrades if there was no rain in the next three weeks.

 

It said it did not expect wheat production to slip below last year's 9.8m tonnes, one of the lowest on record. Australian wheat is harvested between October and December and the next three weeks are critical.

 

... Australian farmers warned that the revised forecast was optimistic. John Ridley, chairman of the New South Wales Farmers' Association grains committee, said the wheat crop would not reach the official forecast.

 

"We won't get anywhere near a bull's roar of that [15.5m tonnes]," Mr Ridley said. "The maximum we will get is 5m and, if it doesn't rain soon, it will be less than that."

 

He added that the revised forecast was based on data of a month ago. "But there have been no rains since."

 

**********************************************************************************************************

 

2/         China 2020 natural gas consumption seen at 9 pct of energy total – CNOOC  (CNN Money, Thu 20 Sep)

 

http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/newstex/AFX-0013-19699491.htm

 

Comment:    China wants to increase its natural gas consumption from 3% of total energy consumption to 9% by 2020. China currently consumes about 50 billion cubic metres of gas a year. If China’s energy did not grow at all, this would translate as growth from 50 bcm/year to 150 bcm/year. At the other extreme, if China’s energy consumption doubled by 2020 (although it is doubtful if this much energy will be available in 2020), this would translate to 300 bcm/year. So China’s natural gas consumption will increase by 100-250 bcm/ year by 2020. As noted before, the UK will be close to totally dependent on natural gas imports by 2020, consumption at about 100 bcm/year. So imports will increase by say 75 bcm/year. And as noted before, it is doubtful the UK will be able to import this much gas – there might not be enough. Expect China to do all it can to commit to long-term natural gas import contracts, although it will be difficult.

 

Article:    Natural gas consumption is expected to account for 9 pct of China's total energy consumption in 2020, up from 3 pct currently, Zhang Weiping, senior economist with the China National Offshore Oil Corp (NYSE:CEO) (CNOOC) said.

 

Zhang told reporters at the Asia LNG Summit in Beijing that natural gas is currently in tight supply in the Asia-Pacific region, with prices expected to keep rising in the near future.

 

He said the reliability of liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply is the key problem for the industry.

 

Currently, only LNG terminals in Shanghai, Guangdong province in the south of the country and Fujian province in the southeast have stable LNG supplies. Terminals in other provinces, such as Zhejiang, Hainan and Hebei, have yet not secured their supplies of LNG.

 

Zhang said potential disruptions in Iranian supply add an element of uncertainty to two deals signed by Sinopec (NYSE:SNP) and China National Petroleum Corp (CNPC).

 

China and Iran signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) in October 2004 involving Sinopec participation in developing Iran's Yadavaran oil field in exchange for 10 mln tons of Iranian LNG annually for 25 years. A final contract has not been signed.

 

Meanwhile, CNPC is in talks with Iran for the joint development of Block 14 of the offshore South Pars gas field.

 

**********************************************************************************************************

 

3a/        Counting the cost of wheat price hike (BBC News, Fri 21 Sep)

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7004409.stm

 

Comment:    The BBC asked 5 journalists to discuss the knock on effects of high wheat prices in 5 regions of the world – Central Asia, China, Australia, Italy and Russia.

 

Article:    World wheat prices have risen to a 10-year high following a dramatic fall in harvests sparked by a severe drought in Australia and crop diseases across parts of Europe and the Americas.

Meanwhile, demand for wheat-based produce is reaching record levels and the land once used to grow wheat is being threatened by the demand for biofuel crops.

 

Five of our correspondents have been considering the possible implications of soaring wheat prices for producers, consumers and regional politics…

 

 

3b/        Costs may lead EU to beef up ‘food security’            (Financial Times, Tue 18 Sep)

 

http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1f026a06-6580-11dc-bf89-0000779fd2ac,dwp_uuid=70662e7c-3027-11da-ba9f-00000e2511c8.html

 

Comment:    FT login required. The European Commission is expecting big increases in the cost of pork and poultry. Ms Fischer Boel, Europe's agriculture commissioner, is quoted as saying: “It is obvious that the whole discussion on energy security started when suddenly the Russians cut off the pipelines. And it is obvious that we would have to think about food security. We can discuss buffer stocks just as you have for oil today.”

 

Article:    Europeans should brace themselves for further food price rises, with increases in the cost of meat set to follow hikes in such staples as bread and milk, Europe's agriculture commissioner has said.

 

Mariann Fischer Boel said that high cereal prices had increased animal feed costs and that farmers would soon have to pass those on to consumers.

 

**********************************************************************************************************

 

4/         Two barrels of oil are used for each one found. $100 oil anyone?           (Globe and Mail [Canada], Fri 21 Sep)

 

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20070921.IBREGULY21/TPStory/Business

 

Comment:    Delighted to see that it looks like Oil and Gas UK (formerly UKOOA) has lost the argument that the UK is still a net exporter of oil and will remain one until next year: “The U.K. is now a net importer of oil and gas”, although it is still a net oil exporter the occasional month. That should end permanently early next year. Some of the details in the article are not quite correct (I do not know anyone that is ‘thrilled’ by the onset of Peak Oil, most are pretty gutted about it), but can be overlooked since the general tone is spot on.

 

Article:    For the peak-oil crowd, that merry band of doomsters who believe global oil production is about to go into irreversible decline and plunge us into a new Stone Age, the timing couldn't have been better. As the Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas was holding its conference in Cork, Ireland, earlier this week, oil prices conveniently set record prices. By midweek, they had gone as high as $82 (U.S.) a barrel.

 

The conference speakers were no doubt thrilled. If oil prices had been falling, their message would have been laughed out of court. As it were, Ronald Oxburgh, the British lord and geologist who is the former head of Shell U.K., one of the world's biggest oil companies, looked like something of a prophet. He said oil prices could hit $150 as supplies fail to keep pace with soaring demand. Another speaker, CIBC World Markets chief economist Jeff Rubin, predicted prices of "around $100 a barrel by the end of next year." Talisman Energy chief executive officer Jim Buckee talked about rapidly declining production from once-prolific and seemingly stalwart oil fields.

 

For years, decades even, the peakists have been considered the lunatic fringe by the mainstream oil and gas industry, with its visions of endless gushers. The industry had a simple but compelling argument: If you don't believe us, listen to the economists.

 

The economists said - and still say - there is no shortage of oil; there is just a shortage of oil at low prices. If the price, say, doubles, the reserves will rise accordingly (though not necessarily on a 1-to-1 ratio). Higher prices means expensive reserves, like Alberta's oil sands, can be commercially produced. Higher prices finance fatter exploration budgets and better oil extraction technology, and lure more talented geologists into the business.

 

They were right. But maybe the time has come to stop putting so much faith in the economists. As Toronto's Pollitt & Co. said in an investment note this week: "Just because OPEC [the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries] raised output quotas doesn't mean oil wells will respond."

 

In one sense, the peak oil argument isn't even worth arguing about. Of course oil production will - eventually - decline, plummet perhaps, for the simple reason the planet has run short of the rotting dinosaur carcasses needed to make oil. The better argument is that it scarcely matters whether oil production peaks this year or next if a huge gap develops between demand (rising alarmingly) and production (barely rising or rising not at all). In either case, the price goes up, as it has been, leading to potential economic upheaval or worse.

 

To Mr. Buckee's point, some of the world's biggest oil fields are limping into the geriatric ward. Take the North Sea, the reserve that turned the United Kingdom into an oil superpower in the 1980s, much to Margaret Thatcher's delight. It was fun while it lasted. Production is falling off a cliff. The U.K.'s oil and gas output peaked in 1999 at 4.5 million barrels a day (a figure that combines oil and the equivalent output of natural gas). Today it's about three million barrels, a figure expected to decline by 10 to 15 per cent a year. The U.K. is now a net importer of oil and gas.

 

Mexico's Cantarell field, one of the world's most prolific oil producers, is sweating too. Last year's production, which averaged 1.78 million barrels a day, was 13 per cent lower than the previous year's. A similar decline is expected this year. Meanwhile, demand is climbing relentlessly. China was self sufficient in oil until the mid-1990s or so. Now it's the world's second-biggest oil importer. Its consumption has climbed about 50 per cent since 2000 alone. China can't take all the blame. Note that some of the world's biggest oil producers are holding back oil to feed their own growing economies. Saudi Arabia's consumption was up about 30 per cent between 2000 and 2005; Iran's was up 21 per cent.

 

Since the 1960s, two barrels of oil have been consumed for every barrel found. Meanwhile, alternative energy is going pretty much nowhere. At a conference in Scotland earlier this month, Exxon Mobil and Royal Dutch Shell predicted that wind and solar power would supply only about 1 per cent of global energy demand by 2030. If they're right, fossil fuels will remain by far the dominant energy source. But at what price? Forget peak oil. With such a yawning gap developing between consumption and production, higher and higher prices (barring a global economic collapse) seem certain. The predictions for oil at $100-plus a barrel are now no more far-fetched than oil at $50.

 

**********************************************************************************************************

 

5a/        Banking crisis: Don't blame the central banks          (Sunday Telegraph, Sun 23 Sep)

 

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2007/09/23/do2303.xml&DCMP=EMC-new_23092007

 

Comment:    Niall Ferguson, Laurence A Tisch Professor of History at Harvard University, adds a bit of humour to the current financial meltdown by comparison with ‘Mary Poppins’, the film in which the banker called Mr Banks loses his job because of a run on the bank he works for.

 

Article:    Back in November last year I found myself addressing a bunch of bankers in the Bahamas. The theme of my speech was that it would not take much to cause a drastic decline in the liquidity that was then cascading through the global financial system. I had in mind a geopolitical shock. It turns out that a purely financial catalyst – the dawning of reality in the US subprime mortgage market – could have much the same effect.

 

At the time, my audience was distinctly underwhelmed by my argument. I was dismissed as an "alarmist". One of the most experienced investors attending the conference went so far as to suggest to the organisers that they "dispense altogether with an outside speaker next year, and instead offer a screening of Mary Poppins". Presumably his thought was that he and his chums could blot out any thought of future financial crisis with a lusty chorus of "supercalifragilistic".

 

Yet the mention of Mary Poppins stirred a childhood memory in me. Fans of Julie Andrews may also recall that the plot of the evergreen musical revolves around a financial event that, when the film was made in the 1960s, seemed positively quaint, but which has unexpectedly returned to spook us this month: a bank run, something not seen in London since 1866.

 

... For it has not only been Northern Rock, the British mortgage lender, that has been menaced by a loss of customer confidence.

 

California's Countrywide Bank, came perilously close to suffering a run last month as nervous customers lined up outside branches, alarmed by the travails of the bank's parent company, Countrywide Financial, the largest mortgage lender in the US.

 

For the moment, however, it is not the managers of the mortgage banks who are facing "wrack and ruin in their prime", but rather the central bankers.

 

... There are indeed some tough questions to be asked as this crisis continues to unfold. Where was the FSA when Northern Rock was piling up those fatal short-term liabilities? How does the Chancellor of the Exchequer justify offering bank depositors a government guarantee of 100 per cent when existing deposit insurance is far less generous and other investors – notably those who put their money in now defunct private pensions – received no such relief? And how smart does his predecessor, the Prime Minister, now look for having stripped the Bank of its supervisory powers 10 years ago?

 

It's not over. Coming soon: more pressure on UK mortgage lenders, a deep downward spiral for the dollar and pain for Eurozone exporters.

 

No doubt these next links in the chain reaction will elicit yet more calls from the politicians and the press for the heads of the central bankers. But it was not the central bankers who put the "fragile" back into "supercalifragilistic".

 

 

5b/        Economic Outlook: Housing waits to assess damage to confidence     (Financial Times, Sun 23 Sep)

 

http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/082c8832-686b-11dc-b475-0000779fd2ac.html

 

Article:    Alan Greenspan’s warning that US house prices could fall significantly has fuelled concerns that a bubble has also developed in the UK property market. This week’s data releases will provide an update on the housing market on both sides of the Atlantic and an initial opportunity to assess the impact of recent financial turmoil on consumer and business confidence.

 

Growth in UK house prices will slow further in the Nationwide’s survey, due on Thursday. The year-on-year rate is expected to slide from 9.6 per cent in August to 8.6 per cent in September. However, higher interest rates have had little impact thus far on mortgage borrowing and only limited success in moderating house price inflation. UK households were spending almost 12 per cent of their income on mortgage payments (interest and principal) in the first quarter. Disposable incomes look set to be squeezed further, and with the savings rate at its lowest since 1960, consumers have very little in reserve. Although UK policymakers may follow the example of the US in cutting interest rates, housing demand is expected to weaken as mortgage rates will rise in response to higher money market rates...

 

 

5c/        Growth only as safe as houses  (Financial Times, Sun 23 Sep)

 

http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a3e429d6-69d0-11dc-a571-0000779fd2ac.html

 

Comment:    A reminder, as if one was needed, that ‘house price corrections’ are due in the UK, Spain, Ireland, and central Europe. There is little sign of any such correction in the UK, yet. This article gives as a schedule though – next year. The term ‘Ponzi game’ often appears in articles about the current financial problems, described here as “a gambit that will eventually collapse”.

 

Article:    There are several routes that get us from a credit squeeze to a recession. Last week I wrote about a falling dollar as a transmission mechanism. The property market is another one, at least for some European countries.

 

Over the past decade, we observed large housing booms in the US, where property prices almost doubled between 1996 and 2006 in real terms. Price increases were particularly strong in coastal regions. We have also seen extreme movements in the UK, Spain, Ireland and in central Europe.

 

... None of these sound plausible to me as explanations for the extreme house price increases we have observed. To achieve that effect, you need credit – a lot of it.

 

In Spain, if you are poor and have no credit rating, it is easier for you to obtain a mortgage than to rent an apartment. In the UK, which has also seen extreme house price increases over the past decade, building societies used to hand out mortgages of up to 130 per cent of the property’s value, at up to five times an applicant’s income. The mathematics behind these mortgages is based on what economists call a Ponzi game – a gambit that will eventually collapse.

 

There is fortunately no need for new regulations to crack down on such irresponsible lending practices. The market has done it for us. The credit bubble is over, thanks partly to a buyers’ strike for asset-backed commercial paper. Back in the 1990s, UK mortgages were offered at a maximum of 95 per cent of a property’s value and a maximum of three times income (less for married couples). These were much more sensible lending practices. As we return to a more normal credit market, there will simply be less money to finance a boom, as house prices adjust to the availability of credit.

 

It takes time for house prices to fall, but when the process starts, it can quickly build its own momentum. The Case-Shiller house price index for the US peaked in the second quarter of 2006. In the second half of 2006 prices fell at moderates rates, but this year the decline in prices accelerated. I have no doubt that the various European property markets will follow a similar path, with the usual time delay. By this time next year, I would expect to see house price declines in the UK, in Spain and Ireland.

 

... A good global indicator of inflationary expectations is the price of gold, which has just reached a 27-year high and where market sentiment remains bullish. The odds of a 1970s-style hard landing have shortened considerably.

 

The Italian economist Tommaso Monacelli has produced some interesting statistics* showing the correlation between house prices and private consumption in various countries. They are highest in the UK, followed by Spain, Denmark, the US and Canada. These are all economies that have experienced high economic growth rates in recent years, in contrast to countries such as Germany where house prices were flat.

 

This raises the question of whether, and to what extent, the superior economic performance of these countries was due to the credit boom. My own hunch is that we will soon have to change our narrative of economic growth, and accord a much greater weight to the importance of money and credit.

 

 

5d/        US expert warns of fresh shocks          (Financial Times, Wed 19 Sep)

 

http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/31d8aba4-66b6-11dc-a218-0000779fd2ac.html

 

Article:    Fresh economic shocks on the scale of the current credit squeeze will occur if US house prices continue to fall, one of the country’s leading housing experts warned on Wednesday.

 

Robert Shiller, a Yale university economist, told a US congressional panel that he feared “the collapse of home prices might turn out to be the most severe since the Great Depression”.

 

“The decline in house prices stands to create future dislocations, like the credit crisis we have just seen,” he told the Senate’s joint economic committee.

 

The warning underlines an increasingly widespread view that the turmoil in financial markets and tightening lending conditions are early consequences of a slump in the US housing market that is gathering momentum.

 

... The Center for Responsible Lending has predicted that foreclosures on subprime loans will lead to a cumulative loss of $164bn (€118bn, £82bn) in home equity. Investment banks have suggested the costs to financial institutions could be more than $300bn.

 

The joint economic committee heard from experts who said a 15 per cent fall in house prices would wipe out $3,000bn of household wealth.

 

Alex Pollock, a fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, said: “Residential real estate is a huge asset class, with an aggregate value of about $21,000bn, and is of course the single largest component of the wealth of most households.

 

“A year ago it was common to say that while house prices would periodically fall on a regional basis, they could not on a national basis ... Well, now house prices are falling on a national basis,” he said.

 

Mr Shiller said it was “difficult to predict the depth, duration and all of the consequences” of the worsening housing slump...

 

**********************************************************************************************************

 

6/         Who Will Foot the Nuclear Power Bill?            (Reuters, Mon 10 Sep)

 

http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKL0792245720070910

 

Article:    Nuclear power may be close to a revival after two decades in the shadow of the Chernobyl reactor accident as governments search for clean sources of power to beat climate change.

 

But ask the industry who is going to foot the potentially massive bill and it becomes coy and mutters about governments, public/private partnerships and equity financing.

 

"There is a lot of talk about the nuclear renaissance, but in reality only China is really building," says Steve Kidd, director of strategy at the World Nuclear Association (WNA). "No one wants to go first."

 

According to the WNA -- the nuclear power industry's umbrella organisation -- there are 439 reactors operating globally, generating 371,000 megawatts of electricity or about 16 percent of total demand.

 

A further 34 are under construction, with 81 planned and 223 proposed -- 88 of which are in China.

 

The WNA estimates nuclear power could double over the next 30 years but, given the forecast surge in population and demand, it will still only account for about the same percentage.

 

... Electricity generation accounts for some 20 percent of global carbon emissions.

 

Given that even under the WNA's most optimistic outlooks nuclear will only account for 18 percent of electricity demand, the amount of carbon foregone comes in at just four percent.

 

And that, says the environmental lobby, is simply not worth the risk entailed in the mooted new nuclear age.

 

**********************************************************************************************************

 

7/         Azerbaijan Plays Down OMV Hopes for Potential Nabucco Gas          (Energy Intelligence [International Oil Daily], Mon 24 Sep)

 

No link, from daily newsletter.

 

Comment:    The Nabucco Gas pipeline saga continues, but possibly for not much longer due to lack of gas supplies. The building of the Nabucco pipeline is supposed to start during 2008, but the backers are still looking for supplies (30 bcm/year). Originally the suggestion was to import all the expected surplus capacity from Central Asia – Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. That ODAC is aware of, no long-term supply contracts have yet been completed with any of these countries. But the backers are now looking to Iran and Iraq for gas. Iran is still a net importer of gas and defaulted on its long-term supply contract to Turkey last winter, small as the quantities involved were.

 

Article:    Azerbaijan has agreed to discuss the possibility of supplying natural gas to the Nabucco pipeline to Europe being promoted by Austria's OMV. Despite OMV's optimism, however, one senior Azeri official in Baku emphasized to International Oil Daily that it is not a done deal and that Nabucco is only one of a number of options that will be looked at for future sales of gas from the Caspian state.

 

**********************************************************************************************************